Section+B+Question+2

Because there are no set works for Music Styles, each question in Section B of the exam will ask you to enter the name of the work you have studied.

In Unit 3, we studied an **Australian work** (//Percussion Symphony//) and the **other** work (//Treat her Right//).

//Treat her Right// will be the work referred to as 'the other work'.

Practise writing the title and composers of this work for each of the __#|sample__ exam questions:

media type="file" key="08 Treat Her Right.m4a" align="center" width="300" height="50"

In Semester one you studied an Australian work. This question refers to the **other** work you studied. Identify that work.
 * __ Question 2 (option a): __**

Title: 'Treat Her Right' (THR) Section of work studied (if applicable) N/A Composer: Gene Kurtz and Roy Head Explain how **two contextual issues** have affected the creation of the selected work.

Matar and Adrian.

1. Civil rights for African Americans. (Adrian)

Written during a time of great social and racial conflict in 1965 America, Roy Head's 'Treat her Right', connected listeners of all races with it's unique fusion RnB, and gospel. The resulting product is a soul work marked "fast rock" that steers clear of politically charged lyrics and revolves around how to 'Treat her right', in other words, a song about having sex with a woman.

Originally, RnB music was a vehicle by African Americans to express their suffering and discontent with the prejudices they faced. Gospel music - a emotionally charged and rhythmic style of religious music found in african american churches, and it's fusion with RnB lead to the creation of the soul style. Despite being a white singer, Roy head rooted his work firmly in these styles, but did not focus the lyrics on sensitive issues of prejudice, but on the playful, cheeky topic of sex, appealing to black and white audiences alike, particularly the youth of the time.

The African American soul style was capitalised on by Head, who added a strong back-beat to the "Fast Rock" tempo, establishing the work as very suitable for dancing,

1. The developement of technology throughout the 40's and 50's led to the use of electronic instruments in THR such as the electric guitar, bass and keyboard. This allowed the manipulation of volume levels between instruments enabling a more blended sound or not blended sound depending on the choice of hte performers. This can be found in THR with the blended sound of the chorus' and the dropping of levels of the accompanying instrument levels during the verse allowing the vocal to dominate the texture. Electronically manupulated instruments differ in tone colour greatly to their acoustic counterparts this can be can be heard in THR with the distinctive electronic sound with the majority of instruments being electronically produced and the remainder amplified or effected in some other way (such as mic'd vocal lines). Also the huge difference in volume between verse and chorus section would not be possible without amplified and electronically manipulated instruments.

2. Development of Civil Rights for African Americans. This song was written in a very difficult time for African Americans; a time of great racial and social upheaval in USA. African Americans used R&B as a vehicle to express their suffering. Soul was influenced by R&B but much more optimistic and upbeat. Soul songs often conveyed political __#|messages__ and aided the civil rights movement but was also very popular amongst the white teenage audience. Although a white singer, Roy Head sings in an African American vocal style; this shows how far the civil rights movement had come by 1965. However, Roy Head applies changes to this soul style to make it a more universal and commercial album, for example the rhythms are straight instead of swung and the "feel" is marked "Fast Rock" with a strong back-beat. These strong dance-like rhythms are borrowed from its blues roots. Instead of Political lyrics, "Treat Her Right" employs more lighter lyrics about treating a woman right. This makes the piece more universal and easier to __#|connect to__ by audiences.

Mati G and __#|Troy__ R Margaret and Quetzal.
 * 1) Contextual Issue 1: Rising popularity of soul music in the white community.
 * 2) ‘Treat Her Right’ was written in 1965, at that time there were issues regarding civil rights in American society, where African Americans were treated as lesser citizens. Soul music was influenced by rhythm and blues and gospel (created and performed by Afro Americans). It has a strong upbeat and driving dance-like feel. The Afro Americans often conveyed political __#|messages__ against racism and civil rights in their songs. Treat Her Right was actually written and performed by American White Roy Head, who was influenced by James Brown. The strong, energetic beat in ‘Treat Her Right’ conveys the need to “look after you woman” demonstrates influences from white culture (lighter lyrics about dance, love) appealing not only to afro Americans, but also to white teenagers. Elements of rock music can also be heard as the tempo is marked “Fast Rock” and has a strong backbeat, using straight quavers, which is prominent in the chorus section.
 * 3) Contextual issue 2: Development of technology in the 1940’s-50’s. The use of electric guitar, keyboard, bass were invented and electric amplification manipulated volume, balance and tone colour. In ‘Treat Her Right’ the use of electric amplification enhances the contrast between the verse and chorus sections, allowing the bass line to cut through the sound and drive the music forward compared to the chorus which has a much harsher and brighter tone (level of volume is equal in all instruments). Therefore the use of electric instruments and amplification plays a significant role in the song and has a great impact on dynamics, contrast, tone colour and balance.
 * 1) Contextual issue 2: Development of technology in the 1940’s-50’s. The use of electric guitar, keyboard, bass were invented and electric amplification manipulated volume, balance and tone colour. In ‘Treat Her Right’ the use of electric amplification enhances the contrast between the verse and chorus sections, allowing the bass line to cut through the sound and drive the music forward compared to the chorus which has a much harsher and brighter tone (level of volume is equal in all instruments). Therefore the use of electric instruments and amplification plays a significant role in the song and has a great impact on dynamics, contrast, tone colour and balance.
 * __ Question 2 (option b): __**

In Semester one you studied an Australian work. This question refers to the other work you studied.

Identify that work.

Title: Treat Her Right

Section of work studied (if applicable)

Composer: Roy Head & Gene Kurtz

Describe two important characteristics of the style of this selected work.

Treat Her Right' is a Soul song greatly influenced by Gospel and Rhythm in Blues. Two main characteristics of soul evident in Treat Her Right are: Contrast between the verse and chorus, which is created by:


 * Verse || Chorus ||
 * - p dynamic marking || ff dynamic marking ||
 * - smooth articulations || short accented articulations ||
 * instrumentation (vocals + rhythm section) || instrumentation (vocals + rhythm + horn section) ||
 * two bar phrases || one bar phrases ||
 * wide range || narrow range ||
 * mellow, hushed TC || dry, brash TC ||
 * Vocals in foreground, instruments in background || Everything in foreground ||
 * narrative lyrics || repeated 'hey!' ||
 * voice has the melody, rhythm has accompaniment role || instruments take on melodic role ||
 * call and response between vocals || call and response between vocals and horns ||
 * lower register || higher register ||

Typical Soul instrumentation consist of rhythm and horn section:

Eliza & melinda
 * Rhythm section || Horn section ||
 * Guitar has harmonic role, muted and unmuted chords in verse and chorus || Combining 3 part harmony to have a bright sound, to have to iconic soul/R&B/ Jazz sound ||
 * Keyboard mainly harmonic role, prominent in verse when harmonising bass (chords and chorus) || saxes and trumpets treated as one ||
 * drums provide rhythmic drive with strong back beat, accent beats 2 n 4 || call and response with vocals ||

'Treat Her Right' by Roy Head and Gene Kurtz

'Treat Her Right''s genre is Soul, where it features the characteristics from the genres, 'Rhythm & Blues' and 'Gospel' were combined. During the 50's, Ray Charles combined these two genres, by taking Gospel melodies to Rhythm & Blues to create the genre, Soul. There are many characteristics in Soul music such as: - The division of a rhythm and horn section. In the Soul genre, the division of a rhythm and horn section is evident: and chorus || Saxophones, trumpets, trombones: Played in unity in chords, call and response between vocals, repeated quaver motif throughout || background in verse ||  || chorus, foreground in verse ||  || chorus, pronounce beats 2+4 ||  || - 'Treat Her Right' even exhibits characteristics from the genre, Rhythm & Blues such as: The use of 12 bar blues - G blues tonality throughout the whole piece, G7, G7, G7, G7, C7, C7, G7, G7, D7, C7, G7, G7 Feature of 7th chords - Used frequently, to create more harmonic interest and colour in the harmonies presented in the form of a blues scale Call and response - Verse: where lead singer sings melody, and the backup vocalists imitate the melody the lead singer sang - Chorus: evident between horn section and vocalists, where vocalists have frequent "Heys!" while the horns play a quaver motif started on the off-beat. Standard R&B Instrumentation: Rhythm section: bass, keyboards, guitar, drums Horn section: trumpets, saxophones, trombones Lead vocalist and backup vocalists Chris W
 * Rhythm Section || Horn Section ||
 * Bass: Prominent role, plays repeated bass pattern throughout, foreground in both verse
 * Keyboards: Riffs in verse, firstly plays bass line along with drums, chords in chorus,
 * Guitar: Chords and riffs in dotted note values patterns in verse, backs up bass in
 * Drums: drive the piece throughout, hi-hats mainly used in verse, crash cymbals in

__** Question 2 (option c): **__

In Semester one you studied an Australian work. This question refers to the other work you studied.

Identify that work.

Title:

Section of work studied (if applicable)

Composer:

Describe how **contrast** is achieved in this work. In your answer, refer to **two** elements of music.

Melody is an important element in the song Treat Her Right. Melody is treated quite differently between the verse and the chorus. Other characteristics of the soul style are that Treat her Right is based on a Blue scale and hat it uses AAB structure in the verse. Contrast within the melody between the verse and the chorus can be seen as follows:
 * Melody:**
 * **Verse** || **Chorus** ||
 * vocals sing melody || lyrics are 'hey hey hey' in high register of voices (on G) ||
 * uses small intervals || one note is repeated, therefore melodic line has no shape, it is flat ||
 * legato line, and two bar phrases || 1 bar phrases ||
 * narrative lyrics || crochet note values ||
 * arch-like shape || strongly accented and punchy ||
 * one octave range (D-D) || vocals are more rhythmic and punchy- used in a percusive way=brighter, harsher tone colour ||
 * male voice in low reg. adds to mellow tone colour || horn section plays a melodic riff ||
 * quaver note values || shouting vocals ||
 * use of call and response between lead and backing vocals || call and response between vocals and horns ||
 * whispering vocal tone || shouting and screaming vocals ||

Texture creates lots of contrasting between the verse and the chorus in Treat her Right because....
 * Texture:**
 * **Verse** || **Chorus** ||
 * less instruments = thinner texture || tutti-thicker texture ||
 * only rhythm section + vocals (bass and vocals in foreground) || added horn section (everyone plays at same same level, loudly) ||
 * drums play rhythmic ostinato = subtle emphasis on beats 2 and 4 || dense texture ||
 * Bass is in the foreground playing a rhythmic and harmonic riff on an unchanging chord pattern. It maintains the pulse and pushes the song forward due to the use of V7 chords. || individual layers ||
 * Electric guitar=strums chords, adding thin layer || horn section plays melodic riff in 3 pt harmony in response to vocals 'hey's ||
 * electric piano in background, doubles bass line || vocal line is more ornamented ||
 * vocals (solo + backing), solo = call/melody, backing = response/echo || thicker texture creates more chaotic atmosphere ||
 * They vocals and bass are in the foreground and other instruments are in the background ||  ||

By Rachel Williams